Maintenance and precautions of ureteroscope with endoscope

　　此硬管鏡客戶判定的故障為成像模糊。

　　The fault judged by the hard tube mirror customer is imaging blur.

　　拿到鏡子后，先做檢測：

　　After getting the mirror, make a comprehensive test first:

　　檢查鏡子外觀是否有明顯傷痕，經過確認，外觀上并無傷痕。再檢查物鏡、目鏡是否有損壞，在顯微鏡下觀察，物鏡、目鏡也沒有發現損壞。繼續檢查，外管無彎折，可以斷定成像模糊并非機械損傷；接下來檢測導光光束：放在冷光源下觀察導光效果，觀察到導光束中并無黑點，可以判定導光光束并無斷絲。檢查器械通道，發覺器械通道雖然略微磨損，但并不影響使用，在合格范圍內。到此刻可以判定該條鏡子并無機械損傷。

　　First, check whether there are obvious scars on the appearance of the mirror. After confirmation, there are no scars on the appearance. Check whether the objective lens and eyepiece are damaged again. Observe under the microscope, no damage is found on the objective lens and eyepiece. Continue to check that the outer tube is not bent, and it can be concluded that the imaging blur is not mechanical damage; next, check the light guide beam: put it under the cold light source to observe the light guide effect, and observe that there is no black spot in the light guide beam, so it can be determined that the light guide beam is not broken. Check the instrument channel and find that although the instrument channel is slightly worn, it does not affect the use and is within the qualified range. At this point, it can be determined that the mirror is free of mechanical damage.
            

　　接下來就是判定光學系統的問題了。接上攝像主機，觀察鏡子成像，發覺所成圖像中雖然模糊，但并無黑點，說明該鏡子的傳像素完好無損，模糊可能是由于進水、焦距變化等原因造成。

　　The next step is to determine the optical system. Connect the camera host, observe the image of the mirror, and find that although the image is fuzzy, there is no black spot, indicating that the transmission pixel of the mirror is intact, and the blur may be caused by water inflow, focal length change and other reasons.

　　判定問題原因后，就可以開始做針對性的維修了。

　　After determining the cause of the problem, you can start to carry out targeted maintenance.

　　打開護目罩，然后擰下護目罩，松開目鏡組緊固螺絲，取下目鏡組，在顯微鏡下仔細檢查，并無任何損傷，但有水珠凝結在里面的鏡片上，說明鏡管內部進水，這是成像模糊的其中一個原因。然后加熱物鏡組使粘接膠水軟化，從目鏡端將傳像素頂出，并逐一檢查，發現傳像素端面有水跡，需要清潔。

　　First, open the goggle, then screw out the goggle, loosen the fastening screws of the eyepiece group, take down the eyepiece group, and carefully check under the microscope, there is no damage, but there is water condensation on the inside of the lens, which indicates that there is water in the lens tube, which is one of the reasons for the blurred imaging. Then heat the objective lens group to soften the adhesive, push the pixel out from the eyepiece end, and check one by one. It is found that there is water trace on the end face of the pixel, which needs to be cleaned.

　　將目鏡組的水跡擦去，重新研磨傳像素端面，使之達到所需要求，重新裝好整條鏡子，調整好光學參數后，接入攝像主機檢查成像效果。此刻成像清晰，說明本身的光學元件沒有問題，不影響成像。將目鏡組放入烘箱中烘干其中的水汽。重新裝好整個光學系統，調整好焦距，確認成像清晰。裝好護目罩，用密封膠密封好，確保在后續使用過程中不會進水。

　　Wipe off the water trace of the eyepiece group, re grind the end face of the pixel transmission to meet the required requirements, re install the whole mirror, adjust the optical parameters, and then connect the camera host to check the imaging effect. At the moment, the image is clear, indicating that there is no problem with its own optical elements, which does not affect the image. Put the eyepiece group into the oven to dry the water vapor. Reinstall the whole optical system, adjust the focal length, and make sure the imaging is clear. Install the eye protection cover and seal it with sealant to ensure that there is no water in the subsequent use process.

　　確認裝配完畢后，復檢該硬管鏡的亮度、清晰度、圓度、焦距等各項指標，確保各項指標均達到要求。

　　After confirming the assembly, recheck the brightness, clarity, roundness, focal length and other indicators of the hard tube mirror to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements.